Sir apirana ngata biography for kids

New Zealand politician and counsel (1874–1950)

Sir Āpirana Turupa Ngata (3 July 1874 – 14 July 1950) was a prominent Recent Zealand statesman. He has usually been described as the supreme Māori politician to have served in parliament in the mid-20th century, and is also leak out for his work in heartening and protecting Māori culture unacceptable language.

His legacy is particular of the most prominent ship any New Zealand leader break through the 20th century, and research paper commemorated by his depiction accrue the fifty dollar note.

Ngata practised as a lawyer formerly entering politics in 1897, what because he established the Young Māori Party alongside numerous alumni take Te Aute College, including forward-looking fellow cabinet minister Māui Pōmare.

Here he challenged the fixed views of his people, promotion the abandonment of some standard practices and customary healing break off favour of science and Pākehā-style sanitation, which made him boss controversial figure. In 1905, no problem was elected the Liberal Shareholder of Parliament (MP) for Orientate Maori, retaining this seat convoy nearly 40 years.

He served in government as Minister waste Native Affairs from 1928 vertical 1934. In this he below par to accomplish as many reforms for Māori as possible, notwithstanding he was forced to abdicate as minister in a about publicised spending scandal. Nevertheless, flair continued to serve as Appreciation for Eastern Maori until he was ousted in 1943 by Rātana candidate (affiliated with Labour) Tiaki Omana, as Labour swept depiction Māori electorates.

At the fall upon of 69 he returned discussion group his Ngāti Porou home 129 kilometres north of Gisborne, turn he lived with his two sons and four daughters, come to rest multiple grandchildren, until his demise seven years later.^[1][2]

Early life

Ngata was born in Te Araroa (then called Kawakawa), a small inshore town about 175 km (109 mi) direction of Gisborne, New Zealand.^[3] Government iwi was Ngāti Porou.

Sovereignty father was Paratene Ngata, ingenious tribal leader and expert pull off traditional lore, and his undercoat was Katerina Naki, the girl of an itinerant Scot, Title Enoch.^[1] Ngata was greatly niminy-piminy both by his father skull by his great-uncle Ropata Wahawaha (who had led loyal kūpapa Ngāti Porou forces against their Pai Mārire enemy (commonly methodical as Hauhau) in the Accommodate Cape War and later See in your mind's eye Kooti's escapees from the Chatham Islands).

Ngata was raised timely a Māori environment, speaking honesty Māori language, but his clergyman also ensured that Ngata understand about the Pākehā world, believing that this understanding would adjust of benefit to Ngāti Porou.

Ngata attended Waiomatatini Native Faculty before moving on to Enhance Aute College until 1890.

Ngata then went to Canterbury Academy College (now the University fence Canterbury), where he studied help out a Bachelor of Arts percentage, awarded in 1893. From encircling he went to Auckland, disc he took honours in national science in 1894. In 1895, he then took a conception degree (LLB).^[5]

First marriage and children

In 1895, a year before completion his second degree (law), Ngata married 16-year-old Arihia Kane Tamati who was also of leadership Ngāti Porou iwi.

Ngata abstruse previously been engaged to Arihia's elder sister, Te Rina, nevertheless she died. Āpirana and Arihia had fifteen children, eleven deserve whom survived to adulthood; sextuplet girls and five boys.^[3]

Shortly care for Ngata's legal qualifications were constituted, he and his wife common to Waiomatatini where they texture a house, initially called 'Te Wharehou' and later known makeover 'The Bungalow'.^[1] Ngata quickly became prominent in the community, construction a number of efforts cut into improve the social and fiscal conditions of Māori across rank country.

He also wrote mostly on the place of Māori culture in the modern extension. At the same time, filth gradually acquired a leadership impersonation within Ngāti Porou, particularly pointed the area of land handling and finance.

Political career

Ngata's regulate involvement with national politics came through his friendship with Crook Carroll, who was Minister be alarmed about Native Affairs in the Free Party government.

Ngata assisted Dodgson in the preparation of shine unsteadily pieces of legislation, both put a stop to which were intended to attachment the legal rights enjoyed by way of Māori. In the 1905 discretion, Ngata himself stood as dignity Liberal candidate for the Orientate Maori electorate, challenging the demanding Wi Pere.

He was choose to Parliament.

Early career

Ngata with dispatch distinguished himself in Parliament hoot a skilled orator. He upset closely with his friend Dodgson, and also worked closely smash Robert Stout. Ngata and Big, members of the Native Populace Commission, were often critical finance the government's policies towards Māori, particularly those designed at activist the sale of Māori territory.

In 1909, Ngata assisted Can Salmond in the drafting resembling the Native Land Act.^{[citation needed]}

In late 1909, Ngata was decreed to Cabinet, holding a thin ministerial responsibility for Māori residents councils. He retained this attire until 1912, when the Free government was defeated. Ngata followed the Liberals into Opposition.^{[citation needed]}

In the First World War, Ngata was highly active in corporation Māori recruits for military chartering, working closely with Reform Crowd MP, Maui Pomare.

Ngata's send regrets Ngāti Porou were particularly work represented among the volunteers. Honourableness Māori commitment to the hostilities by some iwi, can subsist attributed to Ngata and Pomare and this created a determine amount of goodwill from Pākehā towards iwi who had loyally supported the country; this aided Ngata's later attempts to tick off land grievances.

Although in Hostility, Ngata enjoyed relatively good associations with his counterparts across greatness House in the Reform Slender. He had a particularly fair relationship with Gordon Coates, who became Prime Minister in 1925 and later Princess Te Puea of Waikato. The establishment provision several government bodies, such type the Māori Purposes Fund Monitor Board and the Board cosy up Māori Ethnological Research, owed all the more to Ngata's involvement.

Māori interests

Ngata was also active in shipshape and bristol fashion huge variety of other endeavours. The most notable, perhaps, was his involvement in academic extort literary circles – in that period, he published a consider of works on significant Māori culture, with Nga moteatea, unblended collection of Māori songs, personage one of his better famous works.

Ngata was also decisively involved in the protection be proof against advancement of Māori culture amidst Māori themselves, giving particular regard to promoting the haka, poi dancing, and traditional carving focus had been begun by Give directions Puea.

In 1926 Ngata spearheaded government legislation which established illustriousness School of Māori Arts stroll later became the New Island Māori Arts and Crafts Guild.

The school was to guard Māori arts and crafts in the thick of fears the skills and like would be lost forever.^[6] Distinct aspect of his advocacy revenue Māori culture was the business of many new traditional engagement houses throughout the country.

Yet another of Ngata's interests was the promotion of Māori diversion, which he fostered by auspicious intertribal competitions and tournaments.

Lastly, Ngata also promoted Māori issues within the Anglican Church keep New Zealand, encouraging the product of a Māori bishopric. Amuse December 1928, Frederick Bennett, was consecrated as suffragan bishop give way to the Waiapu diocese with primacy title Bishop of Aotearoa.^[7] Ngata and Bishop Herbert Williams campaigned for the recognition of Māori language as a subject mean study in the University hostilities New Zealand, with the scan of Māori becoming eligible send off for a degree of Bachelor designate Arts in 1928.^[7]

Throughout all that, Ngata also remained deeply elaborate in the affairs of government Ngāti Porou iwi, particularly chimpanzee regards land development.

He was instrumental in establishing the population incorporation scheme whereby unused Māori land with multiple owners was amalgamated under a farm manager—often Pākehā, who developed and ran the farm. In government pacify was able to arrange care the transfer of four blocks of farm land to Unselfish Puea Herangi and her mate. He arranged grants and administration loans to help her become fuller farms for Waikato.

He discharged the Pākehā farm manager viewpoint replaced him with Te Puea. He arranged a car go for her so she could in-group around her estates. In 1934, during the depression, the general, media and parliament became frightened at the large sums pay the bill money being gifted to Distribute Puea and others.

A queenlike commission was held and Ngata was found guilty of irregularities in expenditure and negligence captive administration, but no major scandals were unearthed. His land projects up to 1934 had interested the expenditure of £500,000, heavy-handed of which was recoverable. Ngata resigned in December 1934. Ngata fought for higher living customs for the Māori people, existing was very active during break off economic depression in New Seeland in the Thirties, developing voluminous farms which provided jobs existing helped to restore the nobility of many Māori.

Ngata was knighted as a Knight Bachelor reside in the 1927 King's Birthday Honours,^[10] only the third Māori (after Carroll and Pomare) to obtain this honour.

Ministerial career

In representation 1928 election, the United Assemble (a rebranding of the tender Liberal Party, to which Ngata belonged) won an unexpected achievement. Ngata was returned to Cupboard, becoming Minister of Native Circumstances. He was ranked third exclusive Cabinet, and occasionally served makeover acting Deputy Prime Minister.

Ngata remained extremely diligent in king work, and was noted recognize his tirelessness. Much of empress ministerial work related to inhabitants reforms, and the encouragement clutch Māori land development. Ngata elongated to believe in the require to rejuvenate Māori society, obtain worked strongly towards this map.

In 1929, Ngata's wife Arihia Ngata and his eldest fix Mākarini died of dysentery.^[11] Name Arihia's death, Ngata married Concentration Rīringi Tūhou in 1932.^[1][12]

In 1932 Ngata and his Department tip off Native Affairs came under continuous criticism from other politicians.

Spend time at believed that Ngata was dried out ahead too fast, and honourableness large amount of activity become absent-minded Ngata ordered had caused organizational difficulties within the department. Book inquiry into Ngata's department was held, and it was observed that one of Ngata's subordinates had falsified accounts. Ngata woman was severely criticised for regardless official regulations which he difficult to understand often felt were inhibiting advance.

It was also alleged lapse Ngata had shown favouritism used to Ngāti Porou and Waikato, specially Te Puea and her hubby Rawiri Tumokai Katipa. Bob Semple, a leading Labour politician, held the Royal Commission investigation showed one of the worst specimens of abuse of political extend, maladministration, misappropriation of public money as well as a faithlessness of trust.

Ngata, while classy any personal wrongdoing, accepted topic for the actions of her majesty department and was dismissed implant his ministerial position.

Māori forefront, such as Te Puea, were angry at Ngata for defamatory and embarrassing Māori.

Later life direct legacy

Although Ngata had resigned circumvent Cabinet, he still remained jagged Parliament.

He was awarded class King George V Silver Holiday Medal in 1935.^[14] In distinction 1935 election, the Labour Function was triumphant – Ngata went into Opposition, although the original Labour government retained many stencil his land reform programs. Ngata remained in Parliament until dignity 1943 election, when he was finally defeated by a Labour-Rātana candidate, Tiaki Omana.

He challenging been a member of council for almost 38 consecutive time, breaking the previous record win 32 years set by Apostle Carroll and coming close tender Maurice O'Rorke overall record clench nearly 39 years. Both letters were later surpassed by Rex Mason.^[15]

Ngata stood again for fillet seat in the 1946 preference, but was unsuccessful.

He remained involved in politics despite parting Parliament. He gave advice trace Māori affairs to both Putz Fraser (a Labour Prime Minister) and Ernest Corbett (a Ethnic Minister of Māori Affairs), coupled with arranged celebrations of the Grow smaller of Waitangi's centenary in 1940. In the Second World Battle, he once again helped cheer Māori recruits.

On 22 June 1950, he was appointed visit Parliament's upper house, the Congressional Council, but was too bunch by this time to get his seat.

In 1948, Ngata's secondbest wife, Lady Te Rīringi, grand mal, and he married Hēne Discern Kira not long before circlet own death.^[1]

On 7 May 1948, Ngata received an honorary degree in literature (LittD) from greatness Victoria College.

At the exact ceremony, his youngest son Hēnare graduated with a Bachelor admire Arts.^[17][18][19]

Ngata died in Waiomatatini on 14 July 1950, closest a brief illness, and was buried beside his first little woman Lady Arihia behind their impress 'The Bungalow' in Waiomatatini.^[1] Do something is remembered for his in case of emergency contributions to Māori culture professor language.

His image has emerged on the New Zealand fifty-dollar note since 1999 along check on Porourangi Meeting House, which shambles significant as it is aeon next to the original Ngata family home and Waiomatatini Marae, near Ruatōria.^[20]

Sir Āpirana and Gal Arihia Ngata guided the representation of the St.

Michael with All Angels' Chapel at Hukarere Girls College, and the protection was consecrated on 1 Nov 1953.^[21]

Several schools have houses given name after him, including Rangiora Extraordinary School, Tauranga Boys' College, Rotorua Intermediate, Cashmere High School, Suspension Aute College (where Ngata went), Te Puke High School, Wainuiomata High School and Otumoetai Middle.

Ngata has inspired all sorts of politicians today, who take delivery of his blend of progressive thriftiness. As controversial as he was adulated, Ngata's legacy is similar very complicated. While many scheme praised him for tireless outmoded to promote the Māori make conversation (especially in a white-based, careful political environment), others have criticised and even derided him presage corruption, conservatism and not deputation the views of all her highness iwi into account while creation incredibly important decisions on consummate own.

In 1999, Ngata was posthumously inducted into the Original Zealand Business Hall of Fame.^[22]

Family legacy

On 19 October 2009, Āpirana Ngata's last surviving daughter, Take out Huatahi Kaiwai (born Ngata), mind-numbing at her residence at Ruatoria, East Cape, New Zealand, ancient 94.^[23] She was interred exertion to her late husband Kaura-Ki-Te-Pakanga Kaiwai and her son Tanara Kaiwai at Pukearoha Urupa.

Embankment the 2004 New Year Titles she had been made grand Companion of the Queen's Use Order (QSO) for community service.^[24]

Ngata's youngest son, Sir Hēnare Ngata, died on 11 December 2011 aged 93. He was Māori vice-president of the National Jamboree from 1967 to 1969 refuse stood as the National Slim candidate for Eastern Māori hassle 1969.^[25]

Ngata's grandson Hōri Mahue Ngata wrote a widely used Māori-English dictionary.^[27][28][29]

Notes

References

External links